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THEIR RELATIONS—EMANCIPATION OF LABOR DEMANDS A RE- 

FORMED LAND POLICY-RAILROAD AND CANAL SUBSIDIES 

—THE PERIOD OF DISTRIBUTION TO FOLLOW THAT 

OF DEVELOPMENT— THE MEASURES AND j 

POLICY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, > y *j 

^1 




Published hv the Union Republican Congressional Committee, Washington, B, G 



-♦ &-*►- 



Relations of Land to Labor. 

On tlie subjects of land and labor, the Hon. George W. Julian, who, during his 
long and useful career in the United States House of Representatives has made these 
questions a speciality, and who has all the time held with reference to them advanced 
opinions, in a recent magazine article says : 

lc Among the problems of American politics yet to be solred, the right disposition 

of our public domain may fairly be regarded as first in importance. It stands inti- 
mately related to the questions of labor, of finance, and of trade. In one form or 
another it touches all the springs of our well being as a people. It reaches down to 
the very foundations of democratic equality, and in its great social and economic 
bearings takes hold on coming generations. 5 ' 

The National Government, by its declaration that there should be no more servile 
labor under its flag, established a new era for the industrial millions, and gave dignity 
and hope and opportunity to the laboring man. 

Until 18G0 the country, for a quarter of a century, had been governed and con- 
trolled by the Democratic party, and that party had been dictated, in its measures and 
policy, by the slaveholding oligarchy of the Southern section of the Union, Under 
such control labor was debased, deprived of its just power and influence in public 
affairs, and forced to toil for a governing and despotic class. 

Where so much debasement and so much oppression existed, and where nations, 
laws and policy were dictated by the oppressors, it was simply impossible that labor 
anywhere, under the same Government, should rise to its proper level, or hold the 
preponderating influence to which it was and is justly entitled. 

Upon losing control the Democracy did not await the development of reforms,, but 
instantly, with the loss of their power to oppress, they organized and precipitated a 
revolution in hostility to free, and in the interest of servile labor. 

The progress of this contest developed the fact that, this revolution h^d been 2ong 
premeditated, that it was supported ardently by the entire Democracy South, and had 



iff 



H? 



0\ \ 



Che hearty sympathy of the Democratic leaders in every section of tke country. That 
in the Republican party it found not one advocate or supporter in aU the Nation, but 
-united and stern and successful opposition* These facts are too patent to require the 
support of examples. Almost every votf 1 in Congress, during and since the rebellion, 
will attest the position of the Democracy as above stated. Nor are other instances 
lacking to prove the recent hostility of the Democratic leaders to -the elevation of 

labor. 

Under the plan of reconstruction of the late insurgent States by Andrew Johnson, 
everywhere praised and sanctioned by the Democracy, the political power was to be 
placed wholly in, not only rebel hands, but in the hands of the rebels who hold, the 
land monopoly of the South* This purpose of the Democracy was seen in the plans 
they proposed for the reorganization of labor in those States, in each of which an 
^apprenticeship or kindred contract system was to be established, which, in name only, 
was better than slavery. Inform it was not less oppressive; in practice it would 
have been more unbearable and equally degrading. Under such a system labor could 
not have been respected, could not have risen above serfdom, could not have acquired 
homes or education, or exercised any adequate force in the making or execution of 
the laws. 

It is not necessary to recite in detail any of the numerous plans to oppress and de- 
grade labor, which the Johnson Democratic policy developed, they are familiar to 
the country, and were so revolting to the public sense of justice, that the whole scheme 
was repudiated by popular direction in 1866 — and reconstruction, based upon citizen- 
ship and the elevation of labor, substituted. 

Now while we bear in mind that this proposed practical return to slavery was cor- 
dially sanctioned by the Democracy of the whole country, and that they even now, 
threaten to return to it, by the repeal of the Republican measures of reconstruction, 
let us pause for one moment and contrast this with 

Y/hat the Republican Party has Done for Labor. 

1st. Among the first acts of the Republican Congress, after some necessary measures 
to resist the Democratic Rebellion, wasthe adoption of the Homestead law under which, 
the whole mass of the public domain is opened to the possession and ownership of 
the laboring man, upon the condition of settlement and cultivation, at the nomiual 
price of $10 for a 160 acres. 

2d. Provision was made by which this vast property is largely enhanced in value, 
and rendered accessible to men of limited means, over the lines of the Trans-conti- 
nental Railroad, — the construction of which, had been delayed under Democratic rule, 
'by the fear that free labor would possess this rich inheritance, to the exclusion of 
slave labor. 

3d. The whole system of servile labor was abolished by the Republican party, in 
spite of the united and persistent opposition of the Democracy in Congress and on 
the battle field. 

4th. Again, the whole mass of unrequited labor was lifted to the dignity of tha 
country's defenders, thereby giving it enlarged opportunities, enabling it to command 
the attention and the sympathies of the nation, and rendering its future subjection to 
bondage- absolutely impossible. 

5th. This whole class was endowed with citizenship and all its rights and advan- 
tages — against all of which acts, the Democrats, in Congress and in the States, re- 
corded a united negative — yet it is easy to see, that each successive step added im- 
measurably to the dignity and power of labor. 

6th. The whole remaining public lands of the South, were reserved from sale, and 
appropriated to the exclusive use of actual settlers, by which, the landless laborers of 
that section, come to the ownership of more than 45,000,000 acres, sufficient for half 
a million of homes of 80 acres each, and by which, also, the further progress of land 
monopoly in that section is forever stopped. 

7th. It has given guaranty by a solemn and unanimous declaration of the House of 
Representatives, that the future land policy of the party shall be in the interest of in- 
dividual occupation and ownership, and opposed to sales or grants under conditions, 
which will admit the further growth of personal or corporate monopoly. 

8th. And finally it has given practical evidence of its fidelity to the principles of 
4and distribution to actual occupants, through its organized land committees, and in 
the defeat of numerous laud grant bills, at the recent session of Congress, 



Land Sudsidies. 

Bailroad Grands to States prior to 1861. Acres. 

Illinois, 1850 V^fAfa 

Mississippi, 1850 and 1856 o'™'?™ ™ 

Alabama, 1856 S'S'qo 

Flomda, 1856 ?'?Kn M 

Louisiana, 1856 q'u^qSS 

Arkansas, 1853 2 , IS , 5!*S? 

Missouri,'l852-3 'g^g 

Iowa, 1856 ; S'SaH?// q~ 

Michigan, 1856 - £763,4o0.85 

Wisconsin, 1856-7 S'^'oa 

Minnesota! 1667 8,493,000.00 

Acres.... ......-: ...29,971,226.6* 

Bailroad Grants to States subsequent to 1861. Aores. 

Arkansas, 1856... - ?1P'??|oO 

Missouri, 1866 I'ZizLoWkZ 

Tnwa 1864 o,oD8,J2'J.O^ 

lowa, iod^........ ......... ... 564,480.00 

Michigan, i862 to 18o5 » 

Wisconsin, 1862 to 1866 !'?S^'^ 

Minnesota, 1864 to 1866 H?o'™n£ 

Kansas, 1863 to 1866 >; f'^S 

California, 1866-7 'InnW™ 

Minnesota, July 28, 1868 • ^'S^K 

Oregon, March 3, 1864 • «j#2™°? 

Do...!.May4, 1870 l,2v/J,000.0(> 

Total acres, estimated »■ 28,932.553.17 

Grants for Canals prior to 1SG1. Acres. 

T ,. 1,439,279.00 

-J^aiana 1,100,361.00 

^f. 10 : ' 290,915.00 

^ n01S " ' 125481,00 

Wisconsin 750 000.00 

Michigan • '_ 

Acres ■ 3,705,986.00 

Grants for Canals subsequent to 1861. Acres. 

-«. . 200,000.00 

^? nsin , 500 000.00 

Michigan ' ' 

Acres T0O.O00.0* 

Grants to States for Wagon-Roads. * Acres. 

xtr . . 1QAQ 250,000.00 

Wisconsin, 1863 718 613 27 

Michigan, 1863-4 l Wfoo'oft- 

Oregon, 1864 to 1866 • l,2ob,^0.00 

Total acres, estimated « 6 i u$ i w.Ak 

Grants to Railroad Corporations. 
Union and Central Pacific Railroads, with branch from Ornaha,^ ^ q^JJ,.^ 

Northern Pacific'RaVkoadVoriginai grant, estimated...... •-•—•:•••• 47,000,000.00 

Northern Pacific Railroad, under joint resolution ot May 61, 187V, 
authorizing the Company to issue bonds and mortgage its road to 
secure the same, and to construct a branch road, and for other ^ ^ ^ ^ 

fetal aer^ estimated :...I35,00a0OO.0^ 



-Recapitulation. Acres. 

"Prior to 1861— Grants to States for railroads 29,971,228.65 

Grants for canals 3,705,986.00 

Subsequent to 1861 — 

Grants to States for railroads 28,932.553.17 

Grants for canals...... 700,000.00 

Wagon-roads : : 3,225,413.27 

Grants to incorporations 135,000,000.00 

Total acres, estimated 201,535,179.09 

Some small grants Lave been made for the improvement of rivers, which are not 
included in the above estimates. 

The quantities stated are taken from the official estimates of the number of acres 
that will inure under the respective grants by the terms of the statute. But few of 
the grants have, as yet, been adjusted, the title having actually passed from the United 
States to less than 30,000,000 of acres. 

The final adjustment will be less than the estimates by some millions of acres, being 
reduced by sales, homesteads, and pre eruptions, which will take hold of the lands 
between the dates of the acts respectively, and the actual marking of the lines of the 
road« upon the ground, after which the rights of the grantees are to be respected. 

The Policy of these Concessions. 



The policy of granting alternate portions of the public domain, for the improve- 
ment or construction of channels of intercommunication, was inaugurated as early a-3 
1827, when more than one million of acres of land were granted to the State of Indi- 
ana to aid in the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal. It was contended in 
favor of the bill that it would render the interior of the State accessible, and enhance 
the value and stimulate the sale of the remaining portions — an argument familiar to 
•ail and conceded by all. 

The vote on the bill was : 

In the Senate — Yeas, 28.; nays, 14. 
In the Rouse of Representatives — Yeas, 90 ; nays, 67. 

No political classification of the vote is given, and a careful examination indicates \ 
that it was not regarded as a political issue. 

The next important grant of land, for internal improvements, was made in 1850 to 
the State of Illinois, to aid in the construction of the Central railroad in that State. 
This grant was infinitely more valuable, in proportion to the expenditure required of 
the grantee, than any since made. The vote on the passage of the bill was ; 

In the* Senate : Yeas — Democrats, 18 ; Whigs, 8 ; total, 26* Nays — Democrats, 
7 ; Whigs 7 ; total, 14. Not voting— Democrats, 10 ; Whigs, 10 j total, 20. 

Among the Democrats voting for the bill were : 

Thos. H. Benton, Jesse D. Bright, Jefferson Davis, Stephen A. Douglass, and 
H4nry S. Foote. j 

In the House of Representatives : Yeas — Democrats, 41 : Whigs, 60. Nays — Demo ] \ 
•erau, 43 ; Whigs, 32. . j 

The fate of this bill does not appear to have been decided upon any political grounds 
"but there is a clear indication that sectional feeling entered into the contest, tha 
larger portion of Southern men voting against the bill and a majority of the North.- I 
era men for it. j 

The beneficial effect which this important measure had upon the State of Illinois 
gave a great impulse to popular feeling in favor of the policy it indicated ; and, in- ' 
eluding that grant, the concessions under Democratic auspices — that party holding 
the control of Congress and the Executive Departments — had, on the 4th of March, 
2861, swollen to the amount before stated — 33,677,212.65 acres — nearly all of whicli ' 
was in the older and better settled land States. 

The Republican parly, continuing the policy in response to the popular judgment, 
has, since 1860, allowed to be appropriated for like purposes 28,932.553.17 millions 
of acres to States. But, in neither period, that from 1850 to 1860, or from 1860 to 
1870, were these measure ', advocated or opposed upon political grounds. An exami- . 
Ration of the record wil 1 show thai the majority of both parties, in most instances, j 
•.!•., .-ported the policy and foied for the measures. \ 



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Sfju geflenfettigcS Scrljaltnip. — Emancipation ber Slrbeit crforbcrt 

eitt uerbeffertcS fianbfpfteui. — Gifcnbafjn= iriib (Sana!- 

[ubftbtcn. — Sic ^ctiobe bee Scrtijctiuitg iniifj bet 

^eriobc bet* (SittimcMmig fokjew; — Ste 3$a{*. „ ^ 

tegelnuub $|aiie ber rcpnbittaiiijdjcu ^autci. >^v 

*-*►* 

■ ■ . 

S5cri)ffettt(tc$t»ott bemfrepuMtfam|c^ett;-Union^(Joramtttec be! (£ongre|7e$,i2Bai^tna>rt, t>. (L 



SJcvpItati) fcutt Sanb mtb jKAfijt. 

3n 23e^ug auf \!anb unb Arbeit tyat ber Slcbtbare ®ecrg $& Sultan, welder v.Wi()rcnt> feinc* 
lattgen unb nufcltdjen Sutfentbalteg in bem 3c^prafentanrerit)aug bet £kreinigtcn ©taaten tu'efrn 
Oragen eiu fpecietteg Shtbtum geroibmcr, unb fretg fit 2?e?u^ auf biefe'ben fef;r freijtr.nige ?lu- 
fiiljten gefyabt Ijar, neultdj in einem Sournal-Slrltfcl ge$m* : 

„Untcr ben 5utfgaben ber amerifanifebeu s j3olitif, »eldjc nod? *u Ibfen fir.b, far.it b<e ffctyttac 
Tigpofition itber unfere cffentltcben I'anbereien nut SRedbt at^ bfe roic|>tia,*ie an^t fetien tocrber.. 
toie ift inttig oertooben mtt.ber 2lrbeitg=, Stmiitl- unb £anbefcfrac;e. 3n ber einen ober on- 
"bent 2Ikife fceritfjrt (ie alle Ctuetten unferg nationalen SSoljljiantg. Sic oebt binuntcr big *u;- 
©ruublage bemofratifeber ©leid)t)eit, unb burd) iipz QUpn foctafm una ofcnomifduu Sqitge 
beftimntf fie bag ©c&icffal fommenber @)efd/led)ter." 

£ie ^cattonalregicruug, third) t(jre QsrHarung, bnfj tjutfart fetne (Silareuarbctt untcr tbrcr 
ftfagge ftattftnben fofle, erotfitete eine iteue Slera fiir t<h arbeitenben 5Jalltor.cn unb gab bent 
Abetter 9Mannegrourbe, £o||nung unb gihtjh'ge ©degciitjeiten jur ^erbrfferung feiner Sage. 

23ig I860 roar bag £anb etn SStertelfafjrlntKbert fang ijort ber bemofratifeben $artct re'gtcrt 
unb bebcrrfebt roorben, unb biefe §Mrtet roiebernm ert)tdt ii;re ^ortttf unb ib/r SSerbalten toon ber 
fiiaoenbaltcnben DHgardjte beg <s$Qbeng oorge)"c T )rici'e;t. ' Uater foldjer Sontrollc rourbe bic 
Arbeit erniebrigt, ibreg gcrcd)ten (Smffafleg in Bffentlfc^ett ?In^eicgtn^rttcn bcraubt unb gc* 
jnntngen fiir cine begpotifdje regiereube AUaffe nt au'd.ciL 

5Bo fo tttel (Srniebrigttng nub Unterbriid'ung erijitrte, unb tro nattcnaie ©efc^e unb ^?r|tti 
oon ben Unterbriicfern^bictirt tourben, ba roar eg cinfad) unmb'glidi, bn§ 2Trbeit irgenbtoc-, tthicr 
bnfelbcn ^cgierttng, ben ibr gebiihrrnben S^ang einnefjinen cter ben oontiegenben ©tnfluy 
augiiben foUte, auf roeld)en fie gropett Slnfpntd) tjatte nub nod) bat 

5(lg bte Temofratte ibre ^errfitaft verier, toartete fie ntd)t bte Sittitidiung oon SReformen ab, 
fonbern angcnblidlicb, fobalb fie bte ©ea^It ju unferbrvd'en terloren tjatie, organtfirte unb itber- 
fliir^e (ie etn? ^Keoolutt'on gegen frete git @unile;t. ber SHot>enarbetL 

3m y?erlauf btefeg fiampfcg fiellte eg fid) beraug. b, 1 ^ bttfe S?e»oiu'tton (ange worker oorbe 
rettct roar, tafy fi« v etfrig oon ber ga.it&en fijMicbf.n rerapfraiie untcrfiit^t rourbe uno bic iuntgen 
^ymontbieen ber 'bemefratffdjen SuQret tn febem Jbetl beg i-attfbeg bcfo§. 5tuf ber attbcm 
^cite ftcllte eg \itf> bcraug, ba^ bieje bcabi"icbfigfe Sweooiution in be v r republifamfcfyett ^anci hl=- 
ttett etw^tgert gtirfpreefcer unb 3lnt)anger befaf/fonbern auf. ben entVc§foffenm unb erfolgretdkr 
SCnbcrftanb ber gattgen tyaxtd frie^ pitft ^(jatfad/en ftnb ju Wmmt, aW9a% wan Seirct'iV 

■ 




bafiir bringen ntitfte. 23einal£)c jebe SUbftimmung tm (£ongrefj, toabrenb unb feit ber 3^ebeUton / 
legt Beugnijjj ab fiir bic ©tellung bcr £)emoFraiie ttie biefelbe oben angegeben rourbe. (£g giebt 
auf erbem genug Setoeife aug neuerer 3ett fiir bie geinbfeligFeit ber bemoFratifdjen ftiibrer gegen 
bte £>ebung ber Strbeit. 

9h$ Slnbrero 3obufon'g. afteconftructtongslanen ber ^tebellenftaaten, welc^e yon ber ganjen 
Dcmofrattc gepriefcn unb gebifligt nmrbcn, folltc bte ganje politifdie tJlatyt be? ©iibeng nid)t 
nur in 0tebfUe^anbe gctcgt roerben, fonbern in bic $> ci n b e ber 3c e b e 11 e n , ro e 1 d) e 
b a s ^ a it b m o u o p o I t m © ii b e it b e f i £ e n. £iefe 2Ibftcbt ber Demofraten war in 
Den '.IMa'nen jicftbaf, rcelcbe fie fiir bte SReorganifatton bcr 3lrbett in ben frtiberen ©Flatten* 
j'nWcit sorlegten, in tvelcben ein Sellings!* ober (Sontractfyftem sorgefdjlagen rourbc, unb beg 
nur Dfm tauten nacb bc||er roar ftlS ©Flaserei. 3u feiner $orm roar eg nii|t toeniger briicfenb ; 
pro.tttid) tviirbe eg unertraglidjer unb ebenfo berabroiirbigenb geroefen fein. Unter einem folcben 
^[tem batte 5lrbeit nicbt geacfytet fein, fid; nicbt itber \?etbeigenfd)aft baben erbeben, feine £ctm* 
irattnt bier ^qiebnng erlangen ober irgenb einen cntfpred)enben (Sinflttp auf Dag SUftadjen ober 
Mucfitbren bcr ©efet^c geroinnen Fbnncn. 

<£g ift nicbt nbtbig im Gtnjclncn bie jabireid)en *piane ber 3obufon*£>entofrattc fiir bie ttn- 
terbritcfung unb #_crabrourbigung ber 2lrbeit aufjuja'blen, benn bag &utb Fennt fie nur ju gut 
"bit roaren bent b'nentlidjen &erecbtigr"eitSgefut)I fo entgegen, ba§ fie jufammen tm 3abr 1866 
'torn idoit jurtiefgewiefen unb an tbrer ©telle ^econftruction^gefet^e angenommen nntrbcm 
»el$e auf ben biirgerltcjjen dhdjttn aller SIrbciter ruben unb beren £>ebung tm Sluge fyftben. 

•JBabrenb rotr uttg erinnern, ba§ biefe i>orgcfd)lagene fflfttfdje rftucfFebr $ur ©flaveffi toon ber 
gefammteit "X/cmofratte beg 2anbeg unterftutrt rourbe, unb ba§ btefelbe fogar jet^t nod) brobt, 
burd) 9lbfd)affung ber republifanijcbett ^econftructiongmairegeht biefcS $iel ju erreidjen, focllen 
mix. einen Slugenbiicf inne tjalten unb bamit contraftiren 

3Sa§ bic rcjJuWtfantf^c Cartel fiir bic $rkiicr gctfjittt l)at 

L Unter ben erften ©efetjen beg rei?ublifanifd)en SongrejTeg, nad)bem eitttge notbwcnbt'gc 
SSorfebrungen jur Slbwebr ber bemofratifdjen Rebellion getroffen tr-aren, roar bag £>eimftatte- 
gefeij, burd) tveldKg bie fammt(id)en i5rrentltct>en Sanbereten bent Sfrbeiter ^ur Scft^ergretfung 
eroffnet lyerbnt unb auf roc(d)cu er (icb tin (Sigentbum i?on 160 2Icfern crnjcrben hnn unter ber 
einfadjen ^Bi'bt'ugung fttb barauf nieber^ula|ien, bajfelbe fiinf Sftfyre Icing ju bebauen unb jebn 
'Dollarg fiir ^ureaugebiibren ju bejafylen. 

2* (£g tiutrben SSorfe^rungen getroffen, btcfen gro§cn SBfcftf cnorm tm ^ret'5 ju erbo'ben itttb 
Lenten mit [^fc^ea^ftfH •Httteln ^uganglicb ju macben burd) Srbauung bcr trattg=continentaten 
^ifenbabn, — turn Unternebmeng, weld)eg unter bemofratifeber ^)errfd)aft binuug gefd)oben 
murbe, toetl man fitvdjtcte, ba§ freie 3lrbeit ficb jene reic|e (£rbfd)aft anetgnen unb ©flaucrci 
oatiou augfdjltepen n>erbc. 

i ^az ganje ©vjflem ber«@flabenarbctt lourbe son ber rcpublifanifcben ^artti abgefd>afft, 
tvot3 ber yereinigten unb biirtndcfigen £)ppofition ber ©emofratte im (£ougre§ unb auf bem 
®cb(ad)tfelb. 

•L ^ie gan.^c 9J?engc ber unbejablteu 5lrbeiter ftntrbe getoitrbigt, bag Sanb ju fcertbeibigen, 
vooburcb biefelbeu bie Slufmerffamt'eit ber Nation auf ficb jogen, ftd) beren (S^msatbieeu ertoar- 
ben unb tbre ^iidfiibrung in @fta»eret etrte moralise Unmoglid)feit rottrbe. 

5* XTtefe ganjc Piaffe erbielt bag ^Biirgerrecbt mit alien feincn 5Bortr)etIe« / roogegeu bie !Dc= 
mofraten im (Jongre^ unb in ben einjelnen ©taaten einftimmig ftcb erHarten; bocb ijt eg ftar 
mie jeber biefer ©djritte uncnblicb jur SBiirbigung unb $rafttgung ber 5Irbcit beitriig* 

6. "Die ganjen nod; iibrigen bffentlicben Sanbereien beg ©iibeng rourben uicbt mebr serfauft. 
fonbern auefcblieplicb fiir fturflicbe 5lnfiebler referoirt, fo ba^ bte Slrbeiter jener ©ertion, luelcbe 
Fein ^anb fyabtn, in ben 23eft£ »on 45,000,000 5tcferu Fommen, ttelcbc augreicben einc fjalbe 
^JiiUton #eimftatten, j'ebe won 80 3lrfern gu bilbcn, ivobttrd) bem \?anbmonopol in jenen ®cgcn 
ben fiir tmmer tin (Snbe gemadjt roirb. 

7, £)urd) einc feierlicbe unb etnftimmige (SrFlarung beg ^cprafentantenbaufeg tjl ^ugge= 
lUrodjett roorben, bap bie ^ufiinftige l*anbpolitiF ber rcpublifanifcben s ^artci im 3ntcrc||e ber 
inbiiubueUen 23cfi^er unb (Sigentbiimer fein unb alien iBerFaufcit unb ^cloillijiungen cutgegcu 
fern foil, ttclcbc bag jufiinftigc 2Bacbgtbum bc^ 9ftono)?olo son ^crfoncn oocr A'orpcvfcbafrc; 
^ulaffen, 

8.. Unb enblicj) b»tt bie republir'anifcbe tyaxiti einen faFtifd)eit 5i3crocig tbrer .Xreuc in 'Hr^.' 
•iuf bie tyxindpitn ber ^anbyertbciluug an nnrFltdjc 2ieft'^'; burd) ibrc organ tfirten ^attbcom 
: ■ .tiit^ fptjjo^l ai$ bur6 ; bie ^ct'imbfutttj ga^.rctdber Q/.k^ Br U- f i!.v n'/i^vvjv.- i 



a 

Sanbfu6fiMe». 

93rt»tCiflungen an <BtaaUn fur (Sifenbafynm &or 1861, s Mtt. 

Sflfoote, 1850 2,595,053,00 

WMWh 1850 unb 1856 1,409,440.00 

Alabama, 1856 3,729,120,00 

Alorfba, 1856* 2,360,112.90 

"outjtatta, 1856 1,588,720.00 

SlrfanfaS, 1853 *. 2,149,239.63 

^tifourt, 1852-3 2,162,442.21 

;">ottm, 1856 3,382,287.50 

*Wid)tgan 1856 4,763,450,85 

SBferon jin 1856-7 2,338,360,50 

Wtnnefora. 1857 3,493,000,00 



SlcJer 29,971/226,65 

23etoilltgungen an (gtaaten fur ©ifenbafmen na$ 1861, SIcfer. 

SlrfahfaS, 1866 2,655,032,00 

Iftiffouri, 1866 1,582,718.00 

>»a, 1864 3,358,920,52 

^fttghtt; 1862 bis 18o5 564,480.00 

Stonftn, 1862 bt$ 1866 3,040,000.0*) 

iOJtnncfota, 1864 bte 1866 4,783,403,00 

.VtanfaS, 1863 H3 1866 7,753,000.00 

Salifornien, 1866-7 3,720,000.00 

'■•.'■. iuncfota, Suit 28., 1868 , 200,000,00 

Oregon, ? JJcar$ 3„ 1864 75,000.00 

co. <Wa t 4„ 1870 . 1,200,000.00 



3ufamnten scranfdjlagt auf 28,932,553.17 

23en?tTltgunpm fur Gtanalc »or 1861. 2Wev, 

3nbtana 1,439,279.00 

Ol)t'0 1,100,361,00 

Minoit 290,915,00 

SBteconfin 125,431,00 

3Ri${$m 750,000,00 

Slcfer 3,705,986,00 

SetoCUigungett fitr <£anate nad> 1861. Slcfrr. 

SBtSconfin 200,000.00 

Wtcbtaau 500,000.00 



Slcfer... 700,000.00 

33erottltgungen an <2raaten fiir ©trajjen. 2Hfer* 

3Bt*conftn, 1863 250,000.00 

mm<\an, 1863-4 1,718,613.27 

Oregon, 1864 bis 1866 .... 1,255,800.00 

3ufammen &cranf#fagt auf . 3,225,413.27 

33ctotfltgung«t an (Stfenbafyn-Sombagnieen. SJcfer. 

Union* unto Sentral *pactfto<£i[enbabnen 35,000,000.00 

^torblicbc $acific=53at)n, urfpritngltefje 33etotUigung ungefar;r 47,000, 000.00 

ftorbliebc *pacifio33abn, itntcr ber gememfanun Solution son 5)Jat 31., 1870, 
burdhoelctye btc (Sompagme autorifirt roirb 23onb3 auSjugeben unb tt)re S3abu 
*ur (^icberung berfelben ju tmothuixm. tint Rttcigbabu xu bauen unb fiir 

anbere3«ecfe 11,000,000.00 

Sltiantio unb gtorijtc-gifenba&tt . , 42,000,000.00 

3ttfammmmanf#fogtauf . ..■ 135,000,000.00 



4 

Sfecapftttfotfotu met. 

33or 1861 — ^croittigungett an ©faaten fur Gtfenba$nm 29,971,226.65 

33e»tdtgungctt fiir (Sanale 3,705,986.00 

9hcb 1861 — SetoWtgungen an &taattn fur (Sifenbatynen 28,932,553.17 

SBetoiHtgungen fur Sanafe •. . . , 700,000.00 

33ennlliguugen fiir ©traj^en 3,225,413.27 

SBetoifltgungm an (Sorporationen , 135,000,000.0 

3ufantmen ueranfdjlagt nuf 201,535,179.09 

(Einige fictile 33e»itttgttttjjeft fitr 33erbc{[wung bon glujjbetten gemacbt, [tub nt$t im Dbigeu 
einbegrtrfen. 

Die angegebenen Datantttaten [tub biejenigcn ber offtcteltett SSoranfcblage itbcr bie Qaty yon 
Slcferu, toelcbe bem SBortlaut be3 ©efejjes nai| jeber (Sompagnie gufrcb'm. 9?ur roenlge biefer 
SBetoifltgungcit flrt.b bis je0i $ur i>*o Uft oTnD t ei ett SluSfitbnmg gef'ommen ; bte SSer. ©tanten baben 
^3e|it3titel liber roentger ate 30,000,000 Slcfer serlteben. 

Die fd;ltepltcipe ?lu3einanberfc&ung v:irb cintgc SO^ttttoncn uuter bem $oranfd)iag fein, toa3 
burcb SSerfaiife, in £3e[t0 genommenc £)eim|"tatten unb SSorfaufe berbetgefiibrt toirb, ttetcbc in 
ber 3roifcben c ]eit] jtoifcben'bcr ^afftrung be* ©efej-jeS unb bem 9Hcberfegen bcr SBegeiinien auf 
bem C^runb ftattfinben. 9£ad)bem bai £efctere ftattgefunben t)at, mi'tjieit bie dlt&tt roeld)e an? 
bem ®e[ei$ I)en>orge(;en rcfpccttrt roerben. 

Sic $oliiif btefer Sctoiflipntjcu. 

Die $olitif ber 2?etottltgung alternirenber Sbet'le ber bffentltcben Sanbercicn bel;uf5 ber 2?er- 
befferung ober be3 23aiic$ yon @ommumfaHon<3mitteln rourbe fdjort 1827 angefangen, in tyct 
coem 3aibr iiber eine Stilton 2lcfer bem issiaat 3(ltmn3 benniligt rourben, urn ben 23au bec- 
S5abaj4)= unb Gsrte^anafe ju untcrftit&en. 9)j an bebauptete ju ©unften ber Sill, bap bae 
3nnere be3 ©taateS baburd) gugangltcb gemad)t roerben unb ba§ bte iibrigen £d'nbereien baburd! 
im Sficrtl) fteigen unb fcfytteUer ycrfauft lyerbcn roiirben — ein Argument, iyelcbea jeiit allqemctn 
bcranrtt t|r unb ^ugegeben rotrb. 

Die 2lbjtimmung iiber bte 23ift roar : 

3m ©enat — Dafiir 28 ; bagegen 14. 

3m SReprafentantenfjauS — Dafiir 90; bagegen 67. 

Die $)artei ber ©timmenbeu i[t nid>t angegeben ; man erftcbt jebocb a\L$ ber Debatte, ba# 
man bie $rage ntdjt aU s i)artctfrage an\al). 

Qit nacbfte tnicbttge SBesbiKigung fiir tnnere SSerbeffmmgen iourbe im ^af)t 1850 an ben 
©taat 3Uinoi3 gemacbt, urn ben S3au ber £cntral=(£tfenbabn in jcuem ©taat ju unterftii^en. 
Diefe SBewtlltgung roar unenbltd) grb^er aU tint (eitber erfolgte, tt>enn man bie yon ©citeu 
be^ S-taateS geforoerten Sciftungen bantu mgletdjt. Die ^Ibirimmuug iiber bie #iU war ; 

3m ©enat — Dafiir 18 Demofmteu, 8 SBbigo ; jufammen 26. Dagegen 7 Demofraten, 
7 S5?b^ 5 jnfammen 14. &§ fttmmtett utd)t 10 Demofratcn uttb 10 SBbigd ; jufammen 20. 

uuter ben DemoFraten, toel($e fitr bte 23tH fttmmten, waren %t)o$. ^p. 23enton, 3e|)c D. 
^rigbt, 3ejferfon Dai?i5, *&te$en $L. Dougla§ unb $mxq ©. $oote. 

3m Stepuaj^ntainenbau^ — Dafiir 41 Demofraten, 60 53t;ig3 ; bagegeu 43 Dcmofrateu, 
32 5h5^tgg. 

Da3 ©ditctial bicfer 23ilt fdieint nid;t burd) poltttfcbe ©runbe cntfd)t'eben roorben ju fein, aber 
?$ \}t fiar, bap bte ^ciuratt) ber ^ttmmcnben mit tljrer Slbftimmung ju tbun fyatU, inbtm bit 
meii'ten ©iiolauber gegen btefelbe ftimmteu, ttabrenb bte ^ebrjabl ber ^orblanber fiir bit S3iU 
ftimmte. 

Der gftnfrige ($tu[lu§, loeldum bte[e wicbttge 5^afuegel auf ben &taat 3Utnei3 tyattc, beioirfte 
tint Umftimmung im 25olF ju (|5urt|"ten ber tl;r ju Srunb Itegcuben ^olittf ; unb nttt (Sinfdilu^ 
biefcr ^c^itli^ung bctrugen bie tl'ouccffiontu uuter bemcTratifj^cn ilufptcieu — biefe ^pariet befa^ 
bk (Sontrotle bti U'ongre^Je^ m\b after Departments bcr 2lbmtntfh*attou — am 4. 5J?arj 1861 
r>3,677,212 Slcfcr* bie beinabc allc in ten altcrcn unb f^on beffer beftcbeltcn ^anbjtaatcu lagen. 

Die repubiifantj'^c ^avtci, bent cffcntlid)cu SDBtUeit gemag tiej'e tyolitit fort|"c^enb, bai \tii 
18«d0(ju 0l8^en ijtvecfert 28,932,553.17 V'Id'er ben ©fdateh angewfefen. 3n fancr ^criot't, 
weber »ou lb50 — 1860, nod) yon 1830— 1870 gab bte ^artetpohlif ben Sfttd'ftylag bet ben ^b- 
jammungen iiber fold)e SeJutTfigungen^ Set cincr Untcrfudjung ber ^bftimmungeu wiro man 
fi.uen, bajj in bcu mcifteu fallen cine 5)Ja)'oritat jeber ^artei bte 3)ia^rcgeln unterftu^te uuo 
bafiir ftimmte* 



SetoiHtgintgen an GfatNnrotbmai* 

Sir fommen nun utr 23etra$tung ber gropen Seftnlh'gungen con £anb jur Unterftiijjung beg 
33aucc ber bvci gropeu trang=i*ntinentalen (E'ifenbafmcn, 3Da biefe £inien rjauptfacfjltcfc burdj> 
biinn beobiferte ©egenben auperfyalb bev organifirten ^staaten gefyen, fo warm fie notc3roenbigcr= 
roeife unter ber Siutoritdt ber 9?ationalregierung 511 conftruiren, unb ju biefem gtotd routben 
(lorporationen gefctyaffen unb £anbconcef|lonen gcmacbr, tote oben angegcben tturbe. 

SIcfer. 

Sin bie Union- unb Gentral^aciftc=33af)nen, uugefa^r 35,000,000.00 

9ln bte nbrblidbe ^actftc-Sa^n, nebft 3toeiq=23atm, ungefdbr 58,000,000,00 

Sin bte Atlantic- unb $aciftc=23a(m, ungefa§v 42,000,000.00 

3ufammen ungefdbr 135,000,000.00 

tttram= unb (&ntral=$actftc=$aJjm 

£>ic Sibfh'mmung itber biefe Sill roar roie fetgt : 

3m ©cnat — 2)afiir 27 SftepubliFaner, 8 2)emoFratcn ; bagegen 3 Sftepublifaner, 2 £)emo- 
Fraren. 

Unter ben bafitr ©timmenben ioaren D. £. 33roroning, ©bgar (£oroan, 3ameg ;Diron unb 
3ameg 3^ $>oolittle, bie (eitbem jur bemoFratifdjen garret iibergegangen (tub. 

3m 3fteprd'fentautenfyaug — £)afitr 56 ^epubliFaner, 13 £)emoFraren 5 bagegen 27 ditpu- 
faner, 22 £)emoFraten* 

9lijrblic(je $acific=$aljtL 

3m (Senat — X)ie 23itt ging ofyne fbrmlidjeg 5lbftimmen burcp, ba feme ©ttmmro bagegen 
waren, ober roenigfreng Sfciemanb seriangte, bap fein 9?ame gegen bie 23ttt eingetragen roerbe. 

3m ^epvafenranten^aug — £)afitr 52 SRejmbltfaner, 22 £)emoFraten ; bagegen 29 ditpu- 
blifaner, 31 QDemofraten. 

$aum roirb 3emanb betiaupten rootten, bap bie $artei|Mung mtt obigen 5lbftimmungen ju 
tbun batte ; aber auf biefen ©efeijen berutjen bie l*anbberoiUigungen fitr jene SSafmen, roelcbe 
juttt 33au ber einen gefitljrt fyaben, unb ben 23au ber anbern fupem* 

£>ie einfacbe Zt)ai\ad)z ift, bap Slfle bie 9totf)roenbigFeit unb ben 9ht£en fener gropen National- 
23abnen einfafyen unb ofyne Unterfdjieb ber ^Jartet fitr 9ftapregeln ftimmten, roelcfye u)ren 23au 
[icberten. 

$eme ©efe&e »on gleidjer SBicbtigFeit fomten in einem ber beiben £dufer angenommen toer- 
ten, ofme auf mcbr cber roeniger ©ppofition ju ftopem £)ie bemofratifdje $artet fyattt fid> 
15 3al)re lang 9J?ufye gegebeu, bag grope SBerf ber 3}ereinigung ber beiben Dceane unb ber Sr= 
L ; ITnung be3 inherit Sontinento fiir ^nfiebler gu beginnen, aber jte tr-aren ganj erfoIgloS, toeil fie 
Den SBiberftanb ber geograpfnftfjen ©cfttonen nicpt befiegen fonnte, 211^ bie fity fo roiber= 
fetjenoe <5>ettion S^ebellion anftng, tear tin gro§e3 republifanifc^eg Unterneijmen moglicfy geroor- 
i^en. Wan benu^tc bie ©elegentyeit f^neit, unb t>a$ £aub fiet)t tint ©ifenba^n itber ben don- 
rinent fertig, unb jioei anbere im 33au begriffen, bie beibe in nic|t ferner gtit ijollenbet fein 
raerbeu. 

3n bet Iej3ten ©iftuugsperiobe be^ 41 ♦ SongrcjfeS »erlangte bie norblid^e ^acificba^ngefeU= 
fdmft (£rlaubni§, itjr dtgentbum unb ifyre ^)rtoi(egien jur <Si^erung einer Slnleilje fur ben 23au 
it)rer 23af>n <oerpfdnben gu biirfen. ©egen biefe 5)?a§regel tx\)ob fi(^ tint bebeutenbe Dppofttion, 
bie jum Ztytil ol)ne 3^^^ i)Dl1 * 3^i»a(eu angefd^itrt rourbe, %nm Xtytil auc| ii)ren Urfprung 
oem SBunfc^ einiger roeni>ger bemofratifd^en Stirrer cntfprang, politifcdea Capital aug einer »or= 
aeblicben 0reunbfct>aft fitr bie SInftebler ju macben, roelc^e fie bi$ bat)in niemal^ gejeigt fatten. 
Cine 9ftajoritdt better Spmfet beg GtongreJTeg i)ielt jeboc| feft an ber $olitif beS $$aut$ biefer 
continentaien £inien, unb bte notb^enbigen ©efetje rourben angenommen. 

9?acbbem auf biefe SBeife bie (Sroffnung beg innern Sontinentg gefi^ert unb bie oerfebiebenen 
betbetltgten (geftionen beg ^anbeg gleicf>md'j?ig bebac|)t toorben roaren, erfc^ien eg ben benfenbeu 
^itgliebern beg 9^eprdfentantent)aufeg a(g auggematit, bap bie $tit fitr eine oollige 93erdnbe- 
rttng ober toefentlicbe ^obiftcirung beg ©^ftemg in ^Sejug auf bte ojfentlictjen Hnbereien ge- 
fommen fei. @g roar bie §Xnficbt eineg fet)r gro§en %\)til$ ber ^itglieber beg £aufeg, bap nacb 
i>o(lenbttng ber grofjen fd)on unterftit^ten iMnien bag £anb genug fitr Slnfieblung geb'ffnet fein 
ttitrbe, unb ba§ man bann ben 53au loralen 35erbinbungglinien bent Unteme^munaggeift »on 
jnbi^ibuen ober (Sorporationen (ofaien (S^arafterg itberlaffen Fonne, ofjne ba§ biefe \on ber 
ftationalregierung unterftit^t roitrben. JlBenigfteng foite, fo meinte man, Ui aCten jufitnftigen 
^anbberoitltgungen bag ^Jrincip beg SerFaufgrec^tg jireng getoa^rt tocrben, fo bap bie peroillig- 



6 

ten £anbereten gleidj ten SfcgierungSlftttbemeit bent Slnjteble* offen ftiinben pm Sttinimum* 
s})rctg ber lectern, unb bap bte domtoagnten nur an wtrflidpe $nftebter toerfaufen bitrften, unb 
fertter bap bit Somtoagnten ger)alten foitrben, i^re £anberetcn tnnerfjalb einer gettrijfen $eriobf 

ju toeraupern, i ♦ 

3)?an glaubte, bap etntge roenige Serotlltgungen fiir 23erbtnbmtggbalmcn stotfdjen bebeutenben 
©efdjaftgplafcen unb toolfreidjen ©egenben beg Snnern unter fo!c|en fyeilfamen 23efdjranfungeu 
mit 9?ui3en fiir'g 23olf gemacfjt toerben fbmtten. 

Da8 f)ter angebeutete ©toftem roitrbe ofyne aUtn Qtcttfd in etnem gerotffen ttmfang angenom- 
men roorben fein, roenn nid)t bte auperorbentlicfye £abgier ber (Sifenbatmen ben $lan i>crettelt 
tjatte. £)ie ungebeure 9!ttenge ber $roiefte, twelve bent Sftetorafentantenbaug toorgelegt rourbe, 
atfarmirte bte toorficbttgeren $bpfe tm £aug, unb bte golge roar, bap afle jurttcfgeroiefen tourben, 
auggenommen jene oben augefitfyrten, bte toon 1868 — 1870 (Srfolg fyatttn, unbbap ber foigenbe 
$efd)htp fiir bag augenblidu'd)e Slufgeben beg Sanbbetoiut'gunggftoftemg etnfttmnttg angenom- 
men rourben : 

„23cfcl)lof[en, bap nai$ bent Uracil biefeg £>aufeg bag ©toftem ber 23etotu'tgwtg bffentitcber 
Sanbereien $ur ttnterftii^ung toon Sifenbafntgefeflfdrnften unb anberer Sortoorationcn aufbbreu 
fotle ; unb bap gute ^oltttf unb gletdjeg Jftecbt fur 2Hle in jeber Jrinftdjt forbern, bap bte b'ffent 
lid;en £anbereten ber 23eretnigten ©taaren attgfdjlieplid) bapt btenen fotlien, ttnrfltdjen Hnftct 
iern ^eimjid'tien ju geroaln-en, bem ©efel3 itber £>eimftatten unb ©orfaufgredue gemap, unb 
t>ap nur nocp fiir ©cpuljitoecfe £anb atoprojmirt toerben fotlte." 

£)iefe S^efolutton rourbe toon -£>errn £oiman, etnem £)emofraten eingebradjt, aber fie urnm 
emfttmmtg toon etnem |)au0 angenommen, bag ju bret SSierteln aug 9tetouMtfanem beftanb, 
unb fie bejeugt r;inlanglic|> bte 5tlnftd;ten ber rejmbiifantfcben ^artet, twelve jeber ferneren 
Siugbeljmung beg ©toftemg ber ^anbberoilligungen entgegen ft'nb, auggenommen in ben oben an- 
gefitfyrien 3Iugnaf)mefaUen unb unter ben bort angegebenen 33ebingungcn. 

T)nxd) 5lnnaj)me bey obigen ^BefdjIuJTe^ unb burd) bie ganslic^e 5Ibroeifung ber gro§en ^ahl 
toon Sanbbettotlltgunggprojei'ten burc| ben 4L Songre^ tit feiner le^ten ©i^ungetoeriobe bat is 
\id) beutltd) tjerau^gefteHt, bap etn neue^ (Stojtem tjinfort berrfc^en roirb, unb ia$ bie ^eriobc 
ber ©ntttoicfelung mit 9^egierung3l)iife ber ^aupt[aci;e nad) «bgefd)Iojfen ift. 

9lun, ba bte grope 9J?ajJe ber Sanbereien in jeber geogratofyifcben ©eftion fiir Slnfiebler tffc 
ganglid) gemacbt ttoorbe.n ift, mu§ ber nad)fte b'fonomifdbe @c^rttt barin befteben, bie gahl ber 
(Sigentbiimer ju toermebren, 9^onopot ju toerfyuten, unb fiir ka$ %$W ben #?eft ber gropen bffent- 
Kdjen S)omane jur 23e{i^na^me aufjuberoa^ren, 

9Iber el)e roir etn neue^ <5>tojlem betrad)ten, rootten roir fe^en, nne iueit totr toovgefcbritten finb, 
frag bag ^anbbettoitligunggftoftem, bie uneingefcbranften 23erfaufe, unb bte ©efe^e iiber fret in 
n?at)Ienbe ^eimftatten tooUbradjt baben. 

25a§ ba§ Saiibkitjiffigimg^fijftem nctljan Ijat 

3I(g biefeg (Stoftem angenommen nutrbe, roarcn bie ganjen iveitcn Serritoricn ber s ^ereintgtcn 
Staaten toom oberu (Snbe beg dTie=©eeg big $unt ftillen Weer ttoeniganbergalgeine unbetretene 
SMIbnip, ju toeid;er ber arme WtdnW nid)t gelangcn founte unb bie^bem 9?cid)eit unbefannt unb 
uid;t ttoiinfd;engroertf) tear. 

3tt*anjig 3abre biefer $olttif \)cX'(n Staatcn unb ilcrritonen in jener meiten I'anbrvmatTe 
gcf^affen, unb in bie bamalige Sffiiifte 2Bo()lftanb, Sultur unb (in Ojefiibl ber Ucbcrlcgenbeit 
gebrait. Xaufenbe toon 9Jtiiiioncn [tub gum s }?ationahtoobIftanb gefi'tgt nun-ben fiir bte nnmignt 
bunberte, roelcfye bie nationale greigebigfeit toorftved'te. 51ug toertbloien unbcfiebelten s j.Ui'itU'u 
(iiib rool)l()abige geidjaftige 2S>obnftatten ber 3nbuftrie unb ^mteUtgntj lunmubcn. 3eter vm- 
iieftrerfte Xotlar i\t fiir bag ^anb unb t>it Nation ju Saufcnbcn gcworbeiu ^g ift mcbv al^ tim 
Mope ^b'glidifeit, bap obne tic fb b^beigefiibrte lintim'd'elung Stlaiu'rei iibcv Amtuur in bem 
ueuti^en itam^f ber beibett Slrbeitgfyftemc gefiegt bnben tviirbf. rieN ^iM'rna bat ctnui 
^fab gebffnet, auf roeldjem bie Slrbeit SBcfifc toom Sor.tinent ergreifnt taun mit aU fLtnem . s )icul» 
tbumVeg 23obeng, 5tlimag unb unterirbi[4)er ©c(ia>e ; unb i)at bie lianale intmmttoualcu uwb 
uattonalen ^)anbeig in ber 9)iitte ber jufitnfttgen 2i>obnfitAe unfereg 5Bolfeg evbaut, ^trfcrbiii: 
unb ©ettoerbe rourben mbglidb unb ergiebtg an £)rten, roo fie toorl^er uid)t eriftiren fonnten. 
tinblic^ \)at biefeg ©toftem bie gropen gtoidt erreicbt, roeld;e bet feiner ^luttabme toorfdm>ebteu, 
unb \>ai (in neueg ©ttftem mbgltc| unb wunfcbengiitoertb gemad^t. 



tfnfiefcljrimficr ^erfimf mtb fret $u toiifjleit&e §eunftattetu 

©as ©yfrent unbefefyrdnften 23erfauf3 ber bffentlidjen Sdnbereien f)at son 2lnfang ait gcgot= 
ten. £a»on ©ebraucb macbten, — Srjtehs — bte 2lcferbaucr, nn'rHicbe 2Inftefcler, meldje bet= 
nabe immcr tm 9?orben unb'SBeften fteine £luantitd'ten t'auften ; 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 5Xcfcr 
rcaren tie £luantitdten tn ben mciftcit gotten, 160 Sltfer toar ber £urdjfd)ititt ber ^erfdufe. 3m 
(Siiben berrfdMx ber ©eift beg 9ftonopo(g, bte ©liter finb gro§, Sejifcer ttettig jafjlretc^, bte ar= 
bet'tenbert 5ftaj[m cbnc_l*anb. £icg tear bag Sfofuttat t)erabgewiirbtgter Arbeit tm ©iiben, 
unb mandjc 3at;re mii||en »erftie§en, ef>c bte 3<W ^ cr Sanbetgentbiimer tit fenem Zfytil beg 
I'anbeg gefybrtg »ermebrt roerbeu faun. 33te batjttt roirb bte Gittnutf(uitg beg Sanbeg langfam 
unb fctjtoierig fein, unb cine ju roelte 0uft tttrb aioifdjen bem Stgentbitmer unb bent Strbciter 
beftefcen bleiben. (£g t)at fid) ge^eigt, baft bag nbrbtidie ©9ftem t'leiner ©liter unb jab(rcid;er 
iSigentbiimer bag befte fiir ben &taat unb fiir bag SSolf i% 

fig tft befamtt unb altfeittg gugegeben, baft bte ©efcltfcbcift in bem ©rab roofylbabettb, patrto- 
tifeb unb intelligent tfir, twte (Sjigentbitmer junebmen unb ber Umfang ber ©liter bem entfpredjenb 
abntmmt Unb fo lange nocf) fo btele unbefetjte Sdnbereien eriftiren, tft f elite ©efafyr, ba§ bte- 
fci3 ©ttftem ju tteit getriebett ttnirbe. 

Slbcr frete 23erfdufe ijabtn tint anbere ^(affe son .ftaufe.rn berbeigetocft — nidjt angefc||ene 
^igentbumer — .ftapitaliften, h>e(dje ifjr ©elb antegen toollen — ©pefulanten* 

iso langc bag Sattb obne bte 9J?tttel tr>ot)Ifetten unb fcfmetlen Sfteifeng ttjar, fpitrte_ man bte 
barauS f)ers?orget)enben Uebetftdnfce roenig. 9)can befyauptete fogar, ba§ jeite Ma\\t niifelicb 
ware, t'nbem fie bag £anb befannt rcerben laffe unb bet fetner (Sntnu'cfhtng fyclfe burd) £>er»or- 
rufen son Unternetjmungggetft Meg bag mag bamalg roafyr getocfett fetn, eg ift fe^t ntct;t 
mebr tr-afyr. £>ie (Srfaf)rung le^rt, ba§ bet unfern fe^tgen fo »erbe|)erten 3{eifemttte[n unb bet 
ber erbbbtcn 5Iu0[tcbt auf ret^enb fefmeti fteigenbe -]3reij"c, Diefe ^apttalifteu ober be|]er gefagt 
-5pehtlanten ficb genau in gront ber Slnfiebluitgeu balten, uw'o ben ftirfltcben Slnfiebier beftait- 
tig in bie 2Bilbni'§ treiben, jenfeitij ber <Stra§en, ©c^ulen, ^liijlen, SBerfftatten unb anberer 
notfjiuenbiger Sinrtc^tungert ; bag fie mcfyte fiir ^Scrbefferungen tt)un, biefe(bcu tm ©egenti)etl 
gerabeju auffjatten. 

5tu3 atte bem gebt fjerbor, ba§ unbefdjranfte 3Scrfaufe nur etne son brei &la||ett son ^aufern 
bersorgebracbt b^ben, tseldie je^t roiinfd)en»tpertb tft — btejentgen, toelc^e tm "Burdifcbnitt utcbt 
meijr a(5 160 5(cfer faufen, auf benen fie toobnen, unb bie fie bearbeiten. 5^ur bie -£>etmftatte 
— unb ^orfaufsgefe^e bringen ber Nation ^Sortbeil o^ne ju gleidier $tii soon fdjraeren %lad)* 
tytikn begteitet ju fetn. 9iur burcb biefe geisinnen luir bie h>itnfd)engi»ertbeit -^aufer unb etn- 
jtg unb alXettt burc| fie ^alten n>t'r bte roenig witnfc^endlDert^en fern. 

Sattbmttoeifmtgen. 

'Pietin fyabtn mx tint itberreicbe £iueUc be^ ^anbmonobo(». (5olct)e ^nweifungen fatten 
ftets tm SBertt) unb tsermtnbern baburd) ben ^Pret^ beg ?aube^ fiir ben ©pefulanten, wetcber in 
gro^en duantitaten t'auft, toatjrenb fie bem ^nfiebler tt>entger 25ortt>et£ genjafyren cd$ badfytim- 
ftattegefe|» 3ebe 5lu^gabe folder ^tnweifungen tft tin gro§er Uebeiftanb unb fann nur ben 
oftentltcfyett Sntereffen ©c^aben ^ufitgen. &it finb unenblic^ fc|limmcr aU ^etoiltigungen fiiv 
tofale Unternet;mungen, h>eil fie feinen entfprecbenben (Srfa^ fiir t'rgenb einen Zfytil be^ &mbee 
mit fic^ fiifjren. 

Sanbt)crt5ctluntj. 

28ir fjaben mm furj bie serfc^iebenett S©eifen betrac^tcr, toeicr)c bid jur ©egentuart bti 
ber Serfiigung liber bie ott/entHd)ett Sanbereien gegolten tyabtn, unb ebenfo tbren Sinftu§ auf 
unfer Sanb unb 23oIf unb tf)re 33ejtet)ungen jur Slrbett. 60 bkibt nun nod) iibrtg jit uuter- 
fuc^en, ob bie 3uKafyme ber 33e»blFerung, ber ^ortfd^ritt ber bffentticben Unterne^mungen unb 
ber gertnger werbenbe Umfan^ ber offentltd[)eit £dnbereieit ©riinbe barbieten fiir eine Slenberung 
in bem bi^tjerigen @yftem, fiir bie Stnnafyme eitte^ neuen unb bie Slufgabe einer ober alter ber 
werf(Jtebenen 9^ett)oben, toelc^e bi$ j'etjt in ^raft loaren, unb toetdje un5 jur ©egentoart mit 
$nr je^tgen Sage unfereS 93olfe3 geteitet fyabtn. 

Die fcbnelt fief) sermtitbernbe proportion gtoifeben Sesbtferung unb Sfrfertanb unb ber (i'ou- 
ivaft jn>ifd^en bem ©iiben mit feinem Sanbmonopot unb ben ba^felbe bcgtcitcnbcn fc^ablicben 
jTotgen fiir bie Snbuftrie, Sntettigenj unb %Ratyt bti 23otfe», unb bem 9Jorben mit feinem gut 



yertbeitten Sanb entbalten eine ©arnung fiir ung, ba§ bit $tit gefommen ift, in ber .Sing 
bctt unb fc^itlbtge 9tiicBftd)t auf bte 3^""^ eme 5)?obtftfattoit, toenn nic|t_ eine f$s%\ity 

lem^ serlangen — ^ober ioznicftzn* ux" 

iS bz% 2anbe» bzihxbtri fc-erbsr. *r;fov. t 



.UtnberuuaJ^^fiemS serlangen — ^ober tDentgjten^ toptlancpu, ia$ bag ^fomvpoFtowfyiy. ■■ 

terj, brc Ts^iibzzx b& 2anbe» Ixbtbtri teczbir. 



8 

Die fdjott geftdjertett (Sommurttfattondmittel, ber dttityfyvim U$ 23obend unb ber ^Dtinen tut 
Snnern, unb ber tn unferem 33olfe liegenbe Unterneljmungdgeift, ftc^errt fiir ben iibrigen Xbetl 
ber bffentlidjen £anbereien 93ejtfcna$me bur$ Slnfiebier, fo fennel* aid ed bte bcften Snterejfen 
nnfered SSoIfed unb feme 3«f«nft iserlangen. 

(Sd fann bafyer fern ^»«fel bariiber obtoaltcn, baf bad ©tyjrem ber &mbbettrifltgungen fur 
Sifenbafmen unb 5tanale ber £auptfadje nad) aufljorcn, unb burdj bad ©tyfrem ber SRefer- 
m'rung fiir tvtvfitd^e Slnfieblcr bent £etmftatte= unb $orfaufdgefefc gema§ erfe£t toerben mu§. 

£d gtbt j'efcod) eim'gc (Skgenben, tt>eld)e mtt 3fcd)t SBetoittigungen beanfprudjen toerbeu, urn 
fie benen gleicb gu ftctfen, bie fd)on foldje erfjalten ^aben. Died (tub 2tudnaf)mdfafle, tn benen 
man nad) gefyb'riger Ueberleguug hk gorberungen erfiitlen faun* 3 U ^> nett Qe^Srt $. S3, btc 
projet'ttrte Sifcubaljnlime eutlang bem 32. 23reitengrab, burd) toeldje bte fiiblidjen <&taatm ttt 
fccn SBcft'0 etner bireFtcn Srotfft jum ftiflen 53?eer gelangen, unb bte gro§en unb retcben £errito» 
iten 9?e» SWertfo unb gfrfaopa bte Dceane nttt ifyren enornten SJJcuteralfdjafjen erreidjen fonnen. 

£d fanu and) ber %ali fein, bag ber gortftyrttt ber Smfiebwng bte 9totfytoenbigf'ett etner ober 
mebrercr nationalen iftouten bte jwtf^cn bent SWtiftjft^t unb ftiflen VJlmt norblid) unb fitblidj 
iaufeu, barlegen ttirb. 

^ber bet jeber jufunfttgen 23en>illigung, felofl fiir bte hrid)itgfren unb oerbientejten ©egenbeii, 
roH'fb mart oljne 3^ e ^fel ba* ©pjrcm befdjrdnfter Serfaufe an roirflidje $nftebler jur (Iteltung 
brinaeu unb babuvdj bent fernern Oortfdjrttt etned Qtorporattondmonobold tn ^Betreff ber bffent- 
itibm *!anbcreten etn Snbe mad;en. Da§ etne foldje S3eftimmung tn bte tocntgen itoubbetoillt- 
guugen aufgeitommen ioerben roirb, roelck tn 3 u f urt ft n o$ jt$ ewer gunfttgen:9titcffi#tttaf)ntr 
evfrcucn toerben, gel)t flar Ijersjor aud ber Defloration bed Sfteprdfentantenfyaufed tn bem obcn 
augtfprteu 53efd;Iu§, aud ber entf$loffenen £altung tt$ £audcommttteed fiir bte offentlicfcen 
l!aubcrcten, unb m^ ber gan$tic|eit 9tteberlage ber grofien tLn%aty son sprojeften, »ela)e m ber 
te^ten <5tt5ungdpertobe »or bad £aud gebrac^t tuurben. 

_ s ?Jitt btefer fuqen Ueberfi^t t^rer 2lbfrtmmuugen, ber son t^r befiirworteteu 5Wa^regeIn unb 
^jicme in Setreff ber iiffentlt^en Sanbereten unb ber ffttfyt, Snterefjen unb 5titfpriidt>c ber 
3lrbett in 33erbtnbung bamtt fann bte republtfantf$e Cartel getot§ tr)re ®eguer ju etner 2lppe(- 
latton an bad geretfte unb erleut^tete Urt^etl bed Golfed ^eraudforbern. 

Ste fiibli^e ^actftcirfjtu 

@ett bie »orfte^enben (Setten ftereotypirt toaren, ft'nb bte folgeuben Setottttguugett tu Ueber- 
etnfitmmung mtt ben auf <&titt 7 audgefpro^enen &orf$Iagen gemadpt worbeu, um beu 23au 
ber fitblt^en ^actftcbatjn unb tfyrer 3toetgba^nen ju unterftit^en I 
£erad ajactficbafttt, iiber (£1 ^)afo, nacb <&axi Diego, Salifornten, auge- 

fdnagenauf 11,520,000 

3»etgba^tt in (Salifornten, angefdjlagen auf 1,160,000 

s Jien?=DrIeaud, 23a ton 9touge, SSicfdburg unb Xcrad ©taatdlinteba^n, ange= 

Wlogenauf 2,240,000 

3ufammen angef($lagett auf — 14,920,000 Sltfer. 

2luf btefe SBeife W bie rebubltFanifdje 55artet iijren ^eree|tig!eitdftnn unb %e fraatdman- 
nifc^e 23efai)igung betoiefcn, inbem fie fiir ben 23au ber brei gropen coniincntalen Stnien forgtc, 
unb baburd) unfern sorbringenben 51nfteblern bte nbrbli(|en, mittlern unb fiibltdjen S^etle bed 
3nnern unfered (Sonttnented b||nete, jeber geograbi)ifc^en (Seftton cinen ^)fab fiir |)anbel unb 
23e»b'ifcrung »on Dcean ju Dccan getoa'brcnb. 

Die 23oUenbung biefer serfdjiebenen Sinien toirb unferem 23oIf 3 u an 9 S u ^ ett Q^open ^eic^^ 
tbiimern ber (Sbenen unb ©ebirge, ben ^ineraiten, Siderbau^robuftcn unb Srjeugniffen bed 
Smtenlebend yevf^ajfen, unb untcr bem 2lntrteb republifanif(|er 3nftttutionen unb freicr £eim- 
ftatten roirb bort etn intettigented, fieiOiged unb gliidh'd)es SSoIf f)eranmac|(en. 

Diefe (Snttotrfhing unb bie Sludfid)ten fiir etne giiidlid^e 3 ulfmt ft »erbanft bte Nation ber cr- 
Icudjteten ^Joltttf unb (Sntfd)iebenl)eit republifantf^er ©taatdmanner unb bem ©eijt bed Ofort- 




madjtcn; »cr- 
^rfte ©runbfa^ 

racrben'fo'U, unb bafj bte nod) iibrtgen ^anberetcit fiir SInftebler unb Slrbeitcr aufgefbart werben 
follen. 3um 23etr.eid bafiir roirb ber Sefer nodb ctrtmal auf ben 23cf<$Iufj bed S^cprafcntantcn* 
|)aufed, auf ber 6. ©ette oerroiefen, roefc^cr bie 2inftd)ien ber vepublifauifi^en ©taatdmd'nncr 
unb bad gereifte Urtfjeil ber repubiir'antfdjen 5>attct ausbriiit. 



\ 



Grants to Corporations. 

"We now come to tbe consideration of the large appropriations of land to aid intha 
construction of the three great trans- Continental railways. These lines, passing 
mainly through sparsely peopled territory, without the limits of any State, must, neces- 
sarily be constructed under national authority, and to that end corporations have beea 
created and land concessions made as hereinbefore stated : 

To the Union and Central Pacific raiboads, es-timated ^",000,000 00 

To the Northern Pacific railroad and. Branch, estimated ^000,000 00 

To the Atlantic and Pacific railroad, estimated .' J. 000,000 00 

Total estimated acres i8>,000,000 00 

Union and Central Pacific Railroad. j 

The vote on the passage of the bill for this road was: ' 

In the Senate : Yeas — Republicans, 27; Democrats, 8. N — Republicans, 3j 
Democrats, 2. 

Among the yeas are O. H. Browning, Edgar Cowan, James /Oi^on, and James R» 
Doolittle, who have since joined the Democratic party. 

in the House of Representatives: Yeas — Republicans, 66 f emocrats, 13. Nays-^» 
Republicans, 27 ; Democrats, 22. " , 

i 

Northern Pacific Railroad 

In the Senate; The bill passed without a division, the fe being no vote against itf 
at least no one who desired to be so recorded. 

In the House of Representatives ; Yeas — Republicans, 52 ; Democrats, 22. Nays—* 
Republicans, 29 ; Democrats, 31. 

It vrill hardly be contended by any candid miud, that there is a party contest indi- 
cated in the foregoing votes on the Pacific Railroad bill, yet. these were the bills 
which appropriated the land for those roads and which have led to the construction of 
one, and will end in the completion of the others. 

The plain facts are. that all saw the necessity and advantage of these great national 
thoroughfares and united, without distinction of party, in measures to secure their 
construction. 

No bills, so important as th se, can ever pass either House without incurring more or 
less of opposition. The Democratic party had tried for fifteen years to inaugurate 
this great work of connecting the oceans, and opening up to the settler the interior 
of the continent, but had utterly failed, because of its inability to overcome sectional 
opposition. When the opposing section went into rebellion, it opened the door for 
Republican enterprize. The opportunity was promptly improved, and the country 
has the result in one completed road across the continent and two others in progress, 
and certain of completion at no distant day. 

At the last session of the 41s! Congress, application was made by the Northern Pacifle 
Railroad Company for authority to mortgage its property and franchises, as security for 
a loan to aid in the construction of its road. To this measure, there was considerabld 
opposition, instigated to some extent, no doubt, by rival interests, and to some ex- 
tent, by a desire on the part of a few Democratic leaders, to reap political capital by 
a pretended friendship for the settlers, which they had hitherto failed to manifest. 
The policy of constructing these continental lines was, however, adhered to by a ma- 
jority in both Houses, and the necessary legal provision has been made. 

Having thus secured the opening of the interior of the continent, and done impar- 
tial justice to the sections of country immediately interested, it seemed clear to the 
thoughtful members of the House of Representatives, that the time had arrived when-— , 
some radical change or material modification of the land policy should be inaugurated, i 
It was the judgment of a very large portion of the House that, when the great thor,- £ 
aughfares already provided for should be completed, the country woulS be sufficiently £ 
opened to settlement, and that the construction of local connecting lines might well \ 
be left to local, State and individual or corporate enterprize, unaided by. government; 1 
subsidy. And at least, that in any future grants, the pre-emption principle should ha " 
rigidly applied, holding the granted lands, equally with those of tlie governmem, 
open to the settler, at the minimum price put upon the government hails, an 1 re- 
sted cting sales by the 1 companies to actual occupants: and also requiring the conv 
panics to dispose of their lands within some limited period. j 



% 



6 

With such wholesome restrictions, it was thought, that some few grants forming con- 
necting links between prominent business points and populous sections of the interi- 
or, might be made with advantage to the public. 

The policy thus indicated, but for the extraordinary rapacity of the Railroad in- 
terests, would no doubt have been, to some extent introduced. But the vast number 
of schemes brought forward, alarmed the more prudent minds in the House, and the 
consequence has been the defeat of all of them, save those mentioned above, as pass- 
ed in 1868-9—70 and further, the unanimous adoption of the following resolution, in 
favor of terminating at once the Land Grant policy : 

RESOLUTION. 

" Resolved, That in the judgment of this House, the policy of granting subsidies in 
public lands to railroad and other corporations ought to be discontinued; and that 
every consideration of public policy and equal justice to the whole people requires 
that the public lands of the United States should be held for the exclusive purpose of 
securing Homesteads to actual settlers under the Homestead and pre-emption laws, 
subject to reasonable appropriations of such lands for educational purposes." 

This resolution was presented by Mr. Hjlman, a Democrat, but it was unanimously 
adopted by a House of Representatives which is three-fourths Republican, and it 
indicates clearly the views of the Republican party, as contrasted with any further 
extension of the land grant policy, except in the exceptional cases and with the con- 
ditions above mentioned" 

It is clearly indicated by the adoption of the foregoing resolution, and the signal 
defeat of the vast number of land grant propositions by the Forty-first Congress at 
its recent session, that a new policy i3 to prevail, and that the period of development, 
by mean3 of approach through governmental aid, is substantially closed. 

The great body of the lands in each section having been rendered accessible to the 
settlers, the next great economic step must be that which will most certainly multiply 
the number proprietors, prevent monopoly, and preserve for the occupation of the 
people the remainder of this vast public estate. 

But, before considering a new policy, let us see how far we have advanced — what 
die land grant policy, the unrestricted sales, and the optional homestead measures 
have accomplished. 

What the Land Grant Policy has Accomplished. 

When this policy was adopted, the whole vast territories of the United States, from 
the head of Lake Erie to the Pacific Ocean, were little else than an untraveled wil- 
derness, beyond the reach of the poor man, and practically unknown and undesirable 
to the affluent. 

Twenty years of $ns policy has created States and Territories throughout this vast 
region, transferred to the then desert places prosperity, refinement, cultivation, and 
supremacy. It has added thousands of millions of wealth to the possessions of labor 
for the few hundreds it has received through the national beneficence. It has taken 
valueless and unoccupied places and converted them, and all surrounding them, into 
busy prosperous homes of industry and intelligence. For each dollar it has gained, 
the people and the country have gained thousands. It is more than possible that but 
for the development thus caused slavery would have triumphed over liberty in the 
recent contest between the opposing systems of labor. It has opened up a pathway 
for the advance of labor to the possession of the continent, with all its wealth of soil, 
climate, and mines ; and has planted the channels of international and domestic 
commerce in the midst of the future homes of our people. It is giving to agricultu- 
ral and mechanical industries opportunities and adequate rewards in localities where 
before such opportunities and rewards were impossible. Finally, it has accomplished 
the grand purpose of its adoption, and rendered possible and desirable a new policy. 

Unrestricted Sales and Optional Homesteads. 

The policy of unrestricted sales of the public lands has been coincident with the 
System. Its operation has been availed of : 

First. By the cultivators — actual settlers — almost uniformly throughout the North 
and West, in small quantities, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 acres in the great majority o f 
cases, the purchases not averaging more than 160 acres each. In the South the 
Spirit of monopoly has prevailed, the farms are large, the proprietors few, the labor- 



5„ g masse, landless. This was due to ^S^H^St^J^^tA 
Ifc&^r^r^^tK and numerous M^ 

8ti BvTt S£ Sduced another class of purchasers-nomresident proprietors 
-cTpitaUsts who parchas..for inveslnr^for^eenlauon emfear _ 

wLn the country w^w: Uiott the = of cheapand ™P they ^ ^ in 

rassment was telttromth.s class. 11 ««<! country, by simulating enter- 

making known and aiding in the fevelpptoen * Q 0f to c0 ™ tr g > lence =,3 that 
prise. This may haye been true then; it is not true now. p advance of 

with the improved means of travel ^%J*~* P ™, £'! jttfn advance of the 
values, these capital.*, or more properl ^£f£ > X Ferness, beyond roads, 
^r m!i.rm chtlc &** f* needed facilities, doing nothing for ,m- 

Movement; on the contrary, absolutely impeding ; process rf 

From al! of which it is seen tnat free sales have producettMt 

of purchasers that is now desirable-rue who buys on an avers e h<mieatea d 

Lres, and resides upon apdxultxvates the^me. jMa on£ «^ 



ble 

Land Scrips. 



Here we have a most fnntfri; source ^^^f.e^ciug the nrice of lands to 

Such paper invariably di mim^m ^£f£g. el Coffers less of advantage to 

the speculator, who purchases \f n ^\^^J^ l J e unmix ed evil, and cannot be 

the settler than the ^m^dl^.^.^^^ immeasurably worse than 

£St^^ COmpenSati ° n " aDy 

section. 

Land Distribution. 

• 3 a uio^ th p various modes which have to this time prevailed 
We have ^™i^ed W^ Ind theS eifect upon this country and people, 
in the disposition of the public ianas,_ dui . whet l P1 . i n the increase of popu- 

and their relations to fcbor. It rem am a to in J J» ?» ™^ ™>™ * f h biic do ^ nj 
lation, the advance of improveme. i s and the ^ P«tm »rea8 ot . p ^ ^ 
reasons exist for a change of measures theadgon fwa/ operated, and which 




In the rapraly diminishing ratio bet ^ e A n . Py,^"^ ^nee, and oower of the 
effect which has been produced upon the ^g^^f .^i,,^ in the 

conraged. . , .1 j p_ the wealth of the soil and mines 

The lines of communication already P\*™lea tor J® ' ' ive le assura nce that 
of the interior, and the inherent enterprise o our people Jive p ^. q ag 

the remaining portion of the public domain will be ^^Ye^ny of our people, 
rapidly as witl comport with the best inter est 8 and ult 1Q ^ ^ iny h b ic , ornain 
"St i/not, therefor^ to be doubted but .the >^X»b the policy of 

^ervatntr^^^ ° f tL H0m6Stead and Pie * 

^ ^ S however, 8 ome ^J^ 

appropriations to place them upon an equ ^o°tin mm a aferdue 

Sd d el^n,h T e h S:ed^to e «iti« ££* "^ on U, M 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



\ 



8 021 048 336 6 



^parallel of latitude by which the Southern States shall enjoy a direct route to the 
Pacific, and the great and rich Territories of New Mexico and Arizona find outlets to* 
the oceans for their vast mineral wealth. 

It may be also that the progress of settlement will develop the necessity for one or 
more national North and South routes between the Mississippi and Pacific. 

But, in any future concession, even to the most important and deserving localities, 
the policy of restricting sales to actual settlers, in limited quantities, will unques- 
tionably be enforced^ thereby putting an end to the further progress of corporate 
monopoly of the public domain. _ That such provision will be incorporated in the few- 
land grants likely to find favor with the public hereafter, is clearly indieated by the 
declaration of the House of Representatives in the resolution hereinbefore quoted, 
in the resolute attitude of the Committee on Public Lands of the House, and in the 
signal defeat of the vast number of schemes pending before Congress at its last 
session. 

With this brief review of its record, measures, and policy in relation to the public 
domain, and the rights, interests, and claims of labor, as connected therewith, the 
Republican party may well challenge its opponents to an appeal to the matured and 
enlightened judgment of the people. 

[ The Southern Pacific Eailroad. 

Since the preceding pages were stereotyped, further grants, in pursuance of the 
Suggestions contained in the last paragraph on the seventh page, have been made to 
aid the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad and branches, as follows : 

Texas Pacific Railroad, via El Passo to San Diego, California, esti- 

| mated acres 11,520,000 

s The Southern Pacific branch in California, estimated acres 1,160,000 

Few Orleans, Baton Rouge, Vicksburg, and Texas State Line Railroad, 
f estimated acres 2,240,000 

\ '■ — 

Total estimated acres 14,920,000 




the continent, giving to eaoh section a pathway for commerce and population from 
ocean to ocean. 




and free homesteads, will plant there an intelligent, industrious, and prosperous 
people. 

For this prospect and development, and these advantages, the people and the 
nation are indebted to the enlightened policy and determined purposes of Republican 
statesmen, and the progressive spirit and exact justice of the Republican party. 

The same grand purposes which dictated the measures of development hereinbefore 
recited, now demand that reservation for occupation shall become the supreme policy, 
that the lands now remaining shall be held firmly for occupants and workers ; and to 
~)hh end the reader is again referred to the resolution of the House of Representa- 
tives, on the sixth page, as expressing the Fen^e of ftrjubliean statesmen and the 
laa.tured judgment of the Republican na'vs^ep. 



Hollinger C 
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



021 048 336 6 



Hollinger Corp. 
P H8.5 



